The great, Pete Quinones returns for only his second non-Kevin Costner movie and we delve into some vintage James Woods and talk about “Salvador” directed by Oliver Stone.

Salvador was based on an autobiography of an American photojournalist played by James Woods who was on his uppers, he went to El Salvador with his best friend played by Jim Belushi.

We see what happens with an adventurous foreign policy that creates losers and villains on all sides.

Learned effective torture methods at the School of the Americas such as implanting kidney stones. Waterboarding with Coca-Cola Classic is the only known cure.

Pete recommended this one and will have plenty to say.

We’re also proud to announce that our YouTube video for this episode now features actual video footage of the show, check it out here, and be sure to hit that subscribe button!

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Google Description for the film

Salvador

Unable to find work in America because of his penchant for booze and drugs, photojournalist Richard Boyle (James Woods) heads to El Salvador with his DJ friend Doctor Rock (James Belushi) to see if he can get a gig covering the country’s ongoing civil war. Boyle decides it’s time to flee the country when the violence escalates to a level that even he is uncomfortable with, but his relationship with an El Salvadorian woman (Elpidia Carrillo) complicates matters.

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Our Guest:

Our guest is Peter R. Quinones AKA “Mance Rayder” of the Free Man Beyond the Wall Podcast and the Libertarian Institute, among other projects.  The man is a force for liberty and we know we’ll have a great discussion.

Peter R. Quinones is managing editor of the Libertarian Institute and hosts the Free Man Beyond the Wall podcast. He released his first book, Freedom Through Memedom – The 31-day Guide to Waking Up to Liberty in November 2017. It reached #4 in the Libertarian Section on Amazon. He has spoken at Liberty Forum in Manchester, New Hampshire and is currently co-producing a documentary entitled, “The Monopoly on Violence,” which is scheduled for a 2020 release. It will feature the most prominent figures in libertarianism explaining how nation-states came into existence, the atrocities they commit and what a truly open libertarian society would look like.

You can support him directly so that he can increase the production of his podcast, writing, and documentaries at his web page: https://freemanbeyondthewall.com/goal/

Here is the YouTube cut of “The Monopoly on Violence”:

Freedom through Memedom

The Kids Are Not Alright

Recently he was on for another Kevin Costner flick, “A Perfect World” directed by Clint Eastwood:

Episode 229 – A Perfect World (1:18:15)

Before that it was Oliver Stone’s “JFK”:

Episode 208 – JFK (1:33:48)

Before that, he was on for the Humphry Bogart masterpiece, “Casablanca”:

Episode 189 – Casablanca (1:17:11)

Perhaps he is best known on our show as our guest for several other Kevin Costner-epics, “Dances with Wolves“:

Episode 102 – Dances with Wolves (1:11:08)

And for “Waterworld“:

Episode 153 – Waterworld (1:35:48)

He was also on for the Costner movie, “The Postman”:

Episode 203 – The Postman (1:18:41)

Pete’s 500th episode:

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Show Notes:

Oliver Stone and James Woods interview on making Salvador:

Chomsky supporting jabs:

Oliver Stone Snowden:

Iran-Contra Scandal

The Grand Chessboard

“War is a Racket” by General Smedley Butler

School of the Americas:

American Made Episode

Carlos “the Jackal”

JFK Episode

Human feces on the streets of San Francisco

Biden colluding with ex-prez of Afghanistan to PR spin the withdrawal

The 10 Times the Gray Lady Blinked about the New York Times by Rensburg

Arin McIntyre – watched reporters bully the politician into a new position

The Cathedral – Curtis Yarvin

Duranty – I’ve seen the future and it works

The Holodomor:

Dave Smith – Part of the Problem about the 2020 election being Trump vs. the MSM while Biden was hidin in his basement

The “Mr. Jones” movie

The Economic Calculation Problem

Mao the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution

Yuri Bezmenov

G. Edward Griffin videos from the ’50-’60s

Ghost cities of China

Paul Voelker raising interest rates to fight inflation

Daniel Lacalle on China on the Mises website

David Stockman articles on China

“Horse Dewormer” as meme

“How to Lie with Statistics”

Tom Woods episode with Brion McClannahan about secession and the mention of “Quadrillion” as it relates to the US National Debt.

Dr. Evil, that kind of money doesn’t even exist”

Dr. Robert Malone on the Noble Lie:

Trusted News Consortium

The Fatal Conceit (F.A. Hayek Nobel acceptance speech):

Tom Woods on the Old Right

2nd Amendment Meme:

Episodes about people defending their home:

War Machine
The Beast
Godfather II
Havana

Chomsky’s “Turning the Tide”:

“Wall Street”

Libertarian Institute presents the “End of the Empire” livestream on Thursdays at 5 pm PT/8 pm ET

Scott Horton on Dave Smith’s Part of the Problem:

“Enough Already” by Scott Horton

“Fool’s Errand” by Scott Horton

Join us next week as we shift into more family-friendly fare with a review of “Newsies” with Abby Cleckner, who is a friend of frequent guest Dr. Dennis Foster and thus a listener of the show.

——–

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It also has meditations, focus, and concentration music (including binaural beats), nature sounds, and more all designed to help you stress less and sleep more.

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Behold the new show artwork with the space theme for the Last Nighters:

You can find the website for the Last Nighters at: www.LastNighters.com

You can find Last Nighters Podcast feed on iTunes here: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-last-nighters/id1384886334

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Check out our Patreon page to become a supporting listener and get access to this full recording and the other dozens of shows available: www.patreon.com/ReadRothbard

Check out Robert’s “Trubbster” designs on the Tee Public:

For the history you didn’t learn in school, check out Liberty Classroom:

Get the equivalent of a Ph.D. in libertarian thought and free-market economics online for just 24 cents a day….

Here is the link for the Mises Quotes page on Facebook:

https://www.facebook.com/MisesQuote/

And here is the Black and [Dot] Gold link chronicling my efforts at being an Entrepreneurial AnCap to earn multiple income streams independent of location:

Black and [Dot} Gold Facebook page

Here is how to get access to the Rothbard Repository:

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It can be hard to remember.

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Thank you for joining us on this episode of the Actual Anarchy Podcast!

The Actual Anarchy Podcast is all about Maximum Freedom.

Robert and I analyze popular movies from a Rothbardian/Anarcho-Capitalist perspective. If it’s voluntary, we’re cool with it. If it’s not, then it violated the Non-Aggression Principle and Property Rights – the core tenants of Libertarian Theory – and hence – human freedom.

We use movies as a starting point for people who may not be familiar with this way of thinking. Discussion of the plot and decisions that characters make in relation to morality and violations of the non-aggression principle are our bread and butter.

We also will highlight and discuss any themes or lessons from Austrian Economics that we can glean from the film.

The point is to show what anarchy actually is with instances that are presented in film.

We publish new episodes on Sunday just in time for your Monday commute; and occasionally will do specials surrounding holidays or events (elections/olympics).

For our show where we talk about movies from a Rothbardian/Anarcho-Capitalist perspective, we often watch them on our various devices via Netflix, Amazon Prime or on VUDU (which lets you redeem UV content as well). The VUDU one is nice because once it is in there, you know it will still be there a few months later:

ABOUT

Actual Anarchy, an anarchy unlike what the average idiot thinks it would be. Anarchy means no rulers, not no rules. The non-aggression principle and a respect of property rights are what makes it go.

We host a podcast where we take pop culture movies and showcase moments or scenes or themes throughout that are literally actual examples of anarchy.

Any place, around the world, there are always examples of Actual Anarchy all about you. Sometimes you just have to sit back and take a look. It’s easy once they’ve been pointed out a few times.

Actual Anarchy is real-world examples of anarchy in action.

Movies, Shows, Books, News, etc… we host all sorts of content on the site from a bevy of writers enthusiastic for one goal: human freedom

Read Rothbard – Become an Actual Anarchist

PRESENTED BY

Read Rothbard is comprised of a small group of voluntaryists who are fans of Murray N. Rothbard. We curate content at www.ActualAnarchy.com and on the www.ReadRothbard.com site including books, lectures, articles, speeches, and we make a weekly podcast based on his free-market approach to economics. Our focus is on education and how advancement in technology improves the living standards of the average person.

Hit us up on our Tip Jar page to see all the myriad was you can support the show and the site: www.actualanarchy.com/tipjar

Also, be sure to give us your likes, comments, shares, ratings, reviews, and other feedbacks!

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The post Episode 250 – Salvador (1:19:38) appeared first on Actual Anarchy.

Vernacular languages of India have found its reservation in educational sphere, media sphere, political sphere, etc. There is no “marketplace of languages” here. Due to this, central government as well as state government play the role of interventionist in conserving the regional languages of India. Kindly acknowledge that regional languages are respectively spoken in their regional geography only. For example: Regional language like Marathi is widely spoken in the state of Maharashtra. You cannot find the same language spoken in other regional states of India. This endeavours the government to introduce tyrannical steps, through the kafkaesque of state-level laws, like compulsory learning, mandatory speaking, etc. across the regional board of education, business banners, and etc.. Many individuals believe that government is objectively right in preserving regional languages without realizing a coherent fact that language is not a private property of any group or the government. Just like money (medium of exchange), language is a medium of communication. To legally protect certain languages does not benefit the market that may subjectively value other set of languages. For example: Speaking English may benefit the market at large as it holds an international value. But, vernacular languages like Gujarati, Bengali, etc. may not benefit the decoder of other regional state or even to the listener in other countries.

Vernacular languages are also known for facilitating the transactions of government interventionism, especially in public schools. Many Indian parents prefer to send their kids to private schools, mainly because private schooling system is inured with qualitative learning, English speaking, etc. Even poor parents cannot imagine the wrath of public schooling system anymore. Lately, public schools have started emphasising upon the significance of English language. Keeping “so-called” anti-imperial or anti-Western feelings aside, the global economic conditions are determining such choices.  Some private educational institutes have started courses on Chinese linguistics too because Mandarin language is internationally influencing certain narratives, beliefs and policies.

The Government of India is displaying schizophrenic tendencies at the cost of learning, by listening to the inutile preferences of certain “regional-level” voting groups. In politics, organized voters matter a lot. In India, political sphere is quite myopic and regional-oriented. Affirmative action over regional languages too, and what not, are crooking the fabric of social and economic liberalism. It is not the business of the government to protect languages at the cost of personal preferences. It’s the market that determines the utility of language and communication. Every governmental action to conserve a language comes at a higher “unseen” cost. If regional languages continue to enjoy “privileges” from the government, people would not be really free to speak the language they individually prefer. They would always be under some threat from the “fringe groups”, and this would enhance systematic annihilation of creative and rational thinking as languages ratiocinate cultural influences on many human activities.

The post How Indian vernacular languages strengthen Statism, not Secessionism appeared first on Actual Anarchy.

There’s a new piece out with MIT professor Noam Chomsky, adapted from a previous interview, titled Noam Chomsky Explains Exactly What’s Wrong With Libertarianism . He doesn’t do this, but instead, characteristic of Chomsky, goes on vague rants which appear to offer no real, workable solutions to the problems in the world. Indeed, Chomsky would appear quite favorable to the state; at least, relative to the market economy which he fears would be a unchecked force without the state.

The first non-argument set forth by Chomsky, intended as a way to make libertarianism seem so obscure that it must be illegitimate, is to say that, “what’s called libertarian in the United States, which is a special U. S. phenomenon, [it] doesn’t really exist anywhere else.”

This would be the same as to say that, since only few people have acknowledged the validity of something, that it’s not valid. This is often invoked as a case against free-market (Austrian) economics. “If it’s correct/the best way,” the opponent will claim, “why isn’t it the prevailing doctrine?” Well, because there is nothing to stop bad ideas from taking over.

Left-anarchists overall like to use this Chomsky non-argument to say that, since “anarchism was historically socialist,” therefore “anarcho-capitalism is not real anarchism.” It is true that anarcho-capitalism is more modern relative to anarcho-socialism, but historical or etymological origin doesn’t change meanings. It doesn’t change that the anarcho-capitalist is extremely hostile to the state (more so than Chomsky), and that it emerged from centuries of anti state classical liberalism.

Thus, even if we grant the validity of the argument, it isn’t even true the anarchists always cited — or the ones existing in the 19th century — were opposed to individualism, free-markets, and property rights. As anarcho-capitalist Bryan Caplan noted, “ despite a popular claim that socialism and anarchism have been inextricably linked since the inception of the anarchist movement, many 19th-century anarchists, not only Americans such as Tucker and Spooner, but even Europeans like Proudhon, were ardently in favor of private property (merely believing that some existing sorts of property were illegitimate, without opposing private property as such).

Caplan goes on to quote the American anarchist Benjamin Tucker, who, writing in 1887, said that,

“it will probably surprise many who know nothing of Proudhon save his declaration that ‘property is robbery’ to learn that he was perhaps the most vigorous hater of Communism that ever lived on this planet. But the apparent inconsistency vanishes when you read his book and find that by property he means simply legally privileged wealth or the power of usury, and not at all the possession by the laborer of his products.”

Chomsky then continues to strawman the anarcho-libertarian tradition following the above non-argument, saying that it, “permits a very high level of authority and domination but in the hands of private power: so private power should be unleashed to do whatever it likes.”

This is not at all the case. The libertarian holds to the non-aggression principle, which condemns aggression as criminal, and permits the use of force only in self-defense of rightful ownership of body and property. It is the idea of the state in which power can be unleashed to do whatever it likes; and it would seem Chomsky is fond of this solution.

Chomsky has a loose way with words which must turn some people on to, well, whatever his ideas really are, such as to say that “concentrated private power” will take over. He is, again, quite vague on what it is he really stands for, generally self-identifying as an “anarcho syndicalist.”

“Private power”

Chomsky is afraid of what he repeatedly calls “private power,” perhaps such as to make you fear freedom from the state; he uses this term eight times in this piece. But he leaves out that these corporations he speaks of have always went to the state to obtain the power that they were unable to on the market.

As documented by Murray Rothbard in The Progressive Era , in every industry, every time, private attempts at cartels and monopolies failed, and these businesses saw to it that the only way they would be successful is to turn to the strong arm of the state. And so they did, putting forth various laws, such as the Federal Reserve Act, to gain control of the economy which they found impossible to do so without state assistance.

Chomsky would seem to hold the view that the state came in to save everyone in the 1930s, and the preceding progressive era, rather than this being a time when private interests indeed worked to secure special privileges from the state. The progressive era was not one where unchecked private power was finally checked; it was a time when these private interests saw to it that the government secure their position in the economy.

However, Chomsky, the alleged anarchist, believes that we need more of the state to check them.  Despite acknowledging the “concentration of private power through the use of state system,” he would seemingly like to have it both ways: the state can be convenient and socialist, too.

While the anarcho-capitalist acknowledges that not every quasi-private business in our crony-socialist economy is legitimate, being that many of them have been privileged by the state in various ways, the solution remains that denying them the state — and its special privileges, subsidies, contracts — would lead them to fail . Private power came about through state power, and Chomsky is completely backward — my guess, wittingly — in his idea of the role of the state.

A strategy for liberty?

In the voluntaryist tradition, which Chomsky would deride as giving way to “private power,” it is never acceptable to use statist means toward libertarian ends; the state is patently coercive and anarchists should avoid associating with it in any capacity (voting, taking office, etc).

Long a question to anarchists is how this anarchist society will be achieved.

Especially if the political means are off the table. Some will agree that it sounds ideal, but being that we do have a state, how do we get there?

According to Chomsky,

“One way, incidentally, is through use of the state, to the extent that it is democratically controlled.”

Trying to reconcile this with their alleged anarchism, the state is justified “in the context of the capitalist economy.” So long as there is private power — though, how will anarcho-syndicalism rid the world of private property? — the state may be a useful tool in controlling it.

If they fear “private power,” which economists such as Ludwig von Mises had always distinguished from state power for that the market economy exists to serve the consumers, then it would seem that Chomsky and anarcho syndicalists are scared of statelessness. For, how would they stop people from accumulating capital, freely exchanging, using money, etc., in a world without the state? It seems they believe they couldn’t , and the state may hold the solution.

It is almost as if they rightly realize the state is socialist and exists as the means to trample on private property rights. So much for the “capitalist state,” as the interviewer suggests, it is correctly realized that the state is the means of having socialism; and that a stateless society would in fact mean capitalism.

To Chomsky, the state is useful because it “provides devices to constrain the much more dangerous forces of private power.”

While the world isn’t perfect, and the scope of discussion is very much what is preferable , e.g., liberty to the state, Chomsky is clear that he believes the private, market economy is “much more dangerous” than the state. That the state is preferable to the market is all that’s needed to confirm that one is not an anarchist.

But he’s not done yet. The state has won so many concessions for the people, it is believed, that surely the enactment of more laws for “the workers” would be good. One starts to get the feel that there is no real difference in an anarcho-socialist and a state-socialist; socialism always means to violate property rights. It is typical of left-anarchist types that state-run healthcare, labor laws, minimum wage laws, food stamps, unemployment insurance, etc., are all good; to abolish them would be horrendous. What does Chomsky suggest is good in the state?

“Rules for safety and health in the workplace for example. Or insuring that people have decent health care, let’s say. Many other things like that.”

Again, on not realizing that “private power” turned to the state for real power, these interests —and not “the workers” — were always the ones behind these acts. It was those at the top pushing for workman’s compensation and other labor laws, knowing this would increase the costs of doing business, thus heightening the barriers to entry into the market and keeping out competition.

What is “decent” healthcare is apparently to be decided by Chomsky.

Again, ignorant that markets do provide, Chomsky tells us these wonderful things the state has given us are “not going to come about through private power.”

So how might an “anarchist” suggest they will come about?

“They can come about through the use of the state system under limited democratic control…to carry forward reformist measures. I think those are fine things to do. they should be looking forward to something much more, much beyond, — namely actual, much larger-scale democratization.”

Chomsky is essentially a democratic-socialist, hence his giddy support for the Bernie Sanders campaign, respecting Sanders for being brave enough to come out as a socialist. Indeed, he says of “anarcho-syndicalism” that “democracy of that kind should be the foundational elements of a more general free society.” Worse, Chomsky appears quite fond of Chavez and the Venezuelan prospect of offering the world an alternative (just as Sanders praised it).

Typical of a democratic socialist, which is but a softcore variety of communism, distance is sought from the much more heinous episodes in socialism, while a “huge” difference is presented to exist between both degrees of socialism. Chomsky is content with the latter, still statist, variety.

“As for state socialism, depends what one means by the term. If it’s tyranny of the Bolshevik variety (and its descendants), we need not tarry on it. If it’s a more expanded social democratic state, then the comments above apply.”

There you have it: state-socialism isn’t bad per se ; it “depends what one means” by it. There is thus an implicit admission that the state is in fact socialist (not capitalist), and this is good so long as it’s democratic . Seemingly his, and other anarcho-syndicalist’s, only problem with the state is that it isn’t democratic enough.

He continues

Further into this think-piece, Chomsky sounds the alarm of “climate change,” saying “we are facing a threat, a serious threat, of catastrophic climate change. And it’s no joke.” Presumably, the state would be used to check this, too. The solution, may we suggest, would be a greater enforcement of property rights, which doesn’t come under the state, to where any polluter, without a free pass, could be tried for aggression against the property rights of others.

It is true that the state rests on legitimacy, and not simply force alone, but Chomsky’s idea of indoctrination and propaganda is not that of the state indoctrinating people, but rather corporations who use clever marketing to dupe them. It’s as if people are forced to watch television or buy products in the same way they’re forced to fund the state through taxes.  Chomsky doesn’t seem to care much to talk about how the state seeks to control people. Rather, he thinks the state can be used as a device to do the controlling.

In a way, Chomsky is much like Sanders to simply point out a problem which most anyone agrees is a problem (say, prices are rising), but fail to identify the cause to the reader (monetary inflation), on top of offering no real solution to this problem (a return to sound money). He voices his concern that “one of the main problems for students today — a huge problem — is skyrocketing tuitions.” In democratic socialist fashion, this must be compared to other, relatively rich countries, and we should ask “why do we have tuitions that are completely out-of-line with other countries?” Nevermind the massive government meddling in education in the United States, where there is no free-market in education, where should Americans look for examples of better models?

“Go across the ocean: Germany is a rich country. Free tuition. Finland has the highest-ranked education system in the world. Free … virtually free. So I don’t think you can give an argument that there are economic necessities behind the incredibly high increase in tuition.”

Chomsky is obviously not an economist, but to make use of his renown, speaks of economic issues anyway. Someone needs to tell Chomsky “there ain’t no such thing as a free lunch,” and that “taxation is theft” already, because this “anarchist” had a lot to learn.

Chomsky and libertarian-anarchism

To be so hostile to anarcho-capitalism, Chomsky is quite vague here in what it is he believes are the solutions, though he does mention these anarcho-syndicalist models which he says are still in need of work. Anyone looking for clear, concise, coherent arguments against the state and for liberty will have to look toward the anarcho-libertarian tradition set forth by figures such as Murray N. Rothbard, who Chomsky has also commented on.  They won’t find it from left-anarchists.

In the interview, Chomsky gives us his [vague] definition of anarchism:

“Anarchism is, in my view, basically a kind of tendency in human thought which shows up in different forms in different circumstances, and has some leading characteristics.”

Rothbard gives us something of much more substance, in his Society Without a State .

“I define anarchist society as one where there is no legal possibility for coercive aggression against the person or property of an individual.”

Whereas anarchism and the market is a “spontaneous order” to many anarcho-libertarians (of the American phenomenon!), the leftist-egalitarian variety of anarchism is apparently something that needs to be planned; it is not the market economy where many individuals privately associate with one another.

In the end Chomsky doesn’t offer much of anything to one interested in ideas to reach liberty.  He gives us the solution of the state, which has been no solution at all. Maybe the elites, perhaps Chomsky included, genuinely fear the libertarian tradition, for it serves as a decisive smack-down of the state and leaves no wiggle-room, as Chomsky likes to create, for the possibility that the state is a public benefactor. Contra Chomsky, to Rothbard, “the state is organized crime, murder, theft, and enslavement incarnate.”  There are no exceptions.

If the government really needed to pay a shill to confuse those with anarchist inclinations, and turn them back to the state, Chomsky would be their guy. If they were ever in need of a guy to make anarchism seem like an incoherent, impossible ideology, Chomsky is their man.

Mike Morris’s work can be found at the Front Range Voluntaryist

The post Noam Chomsky: Poser Anarchist appeared first on Actual Anarchy.

Twas the night before Christmas, and all over the net

Libertarian infighting, as good as it gets.

The young cats and rookies, the intellectual debtors

watch left and right scrum over racist news letters.  
Should anarchists vote? Or is it a crock?

‘Wendy’s a statist!’ Exclaimed Walter Block.

Anarchists, minarchists, a matter of degrees?

You min-mins are fascists! Awaiting kings decrees!  
Atheist, Christian, Muslim or Jew

We don’t fight over faith, like statists do.

We prefer to fight over who should be ruling.

And private vs public vs un-or-homeschooling.  
Taxation is theft, and all war is murder.

Further consensus? Good luck, cat herder.

Even semantics are points for a schism,

Call it free-markets, or capitalism?  
Austria or Chicago? Friedman or Mises?

Is Peikoff the pope, if Ayn Rand is Jesus?

Konkin or Rothbard? What’s on your shelves?

Ah hell, what’s the difference, Ron Paul twenty-twelve!  
So on Hayek and Murray, on Ron and on Ayn.

On Ludwig and Milton! on Bastiat and Heinlein.

Let’s call a truce, friends, for just this one night.

Then on the 26th… libertarians…. FIGHT!

The post Libertarian Night Before Christmas appeared first on Actual Anarchy.

In 1972, the Seattle School District launched the first phase of what became a decades-long experiment with mandatory busing to integrate its schools. Initially limited to a few thousand middle school students, by 1981 nearly 40 percent of all the district’s students were being bused for racial reasons. School officials defended busing against several legal challenges but gradually scaled back the program in response to waning public support. The district’s own data showed that busing disproportionately burdened children of color, undercut academic achievement, inhibited parental involvement, contributed to so-called “white flight,” and did little to reduce racial isolation in the schools. By 1999, when race-based busing finally ended in Seattle, it was widely regarded as “one of those well-intentioned social experiments that don’t work” (Morrill interview).

A Racial Dividing Line

The roots of Seattle’s long and still unfinished effort to achieve racial balance in the public schools lay in the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in the 1954 case of Brown v Board of Education. In that legendary ruling, the court held that segregated schools are inherently unequal and unconstitutional. Seattle lawyer Philip L. Burton (1915-1995) cited Brown in a lawsuit filed on behalf of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) against the Seattle School Board in 1962.

Decades of discrimination in housing had created an increasingly segregated school system in Seattle. The Lake Washington Ship Canal had become a de facto racial dividing line, with students of color concentrated in schools south of the canal. At Garfield High School, for example, 51 percent of the students in 1961 were African Americans, compared to 5.3 percent of the students in the district as a whole.

The NAACP lawsuit was settled out of court in 1963 when the School Board adopted a program allowing students to voluntarily transfer from one school to another to ease racial imbalances. However, the effort resulted in little movement of students of color into North End schools and even less movement of white students into South End schools.

For the history you didn’t learn in school, check out Liberty Classroom:

“Magnet Programs”

The board next tried the idea of enticing white students to minority schools by implementing “magnet programs,” beginning with Garfield in 1968. This, too had limited success, at least initially.

In the late 1960s, civil rights activists were split on the issue of how the School Board could best promote integration and, with it, intercultural empathy and understanding. One side, represented by the Central Area Civil Rights Committee — a group of established African American leaders — advocated closing predominantly black elementary schools in the South End and moving the students to predominantly white schools in the North End. Another side opposed most desegregation plans because they put the burden of integration on black students. Some people called for the expansion of special programs to encourage voluntary transfers. Others believed more coercive measures were needed to overcome years of ingrained patterns.

Faced with the threat of further legal action from advocates of integration, the School Board took its first tentative steps toward mandatory busing on November 11, 1970, adopting a Middle School Desegregation Plan that involved busing about 2,000 middle school students. Implementation of the plan was delayed for two years by a lawsuit filed by Citizens Against Mandatory Busing, the first of several anti-busing groups that would be organized during the coming years.

The specter shadowing the board during these years was the possibility of federal intervention. Federal judges had shown increasing willingness to impose their own desegregation plans on cities around the country during the 1960s and 1970s, despite often fierce local resistance. In Boston, for example, a federal judge took control of the school system and ordered a massive cross-town busing plan in June 1974. When buses from black neighborhoods pulled up to high schools in white neighborhoods that fall, police had to escort the black teenagers past a gauntlet of angry white people throwing rocks, bottles, and insults.

The Seattle Plan

In April 1977, civil rights groups again threatened to file a lawsuit if the Seattle School District did not initiate a more effective integration program. “We had tried ‘separate but equal’ over the years and we know that separate is not equal,” Lacy Steele, then president of the Seattle branch of the NAACP, recalled. “It never has been and never will be” (Siqueland, 23). The School Board responded with what became known as the Seattle Plan, expanding the busing program to include all the schools in the district. The plan was approved by a vote of six to one on December 14, 1977. The action made Seattle the largest city in the United States to voluntarily undertake district-wide desegregation through mandatory busing.

The Seattle Plan was launched on a wave of optimism and good intentions, with support from a broad coalition of political leaders and community groups, including the NAACP, the American Civil Liberties Union, the Urban League, the Chamber of Commerce, the Municipal League, the League of Women Voters, the Church Council of Greater Seattle, and both the outgoing and the newly elected mayors. It went into effect in September 1978 with little of the contentiousness and none of the violence associated with mandatory busing in other parts of the country. “We have not had anything near the controversy we anticipated,” said Dan Riley, the school district’s director of student relations. “We haven’t had any screamers. We’ve had some seethers — a stew kind of boiling — but no significant tantrums” (The Seattle Times, 1978).

However, six weeks later, an anti-busing initiative sponsored by the Citizens for Voluntary Integration Committee (CiVIC) passed with the approval of 61 percent of the city’s voters (and 66 percent statewide). The initiative was declared unconstitutional, in a 1982 U.S. Supreme Court decision, but the vote showed that acceptance of busing was neither as broad nor as deep as its advocates had hoped. “No one should be lulled into believing that because schools opened peacefully, without violence, that there is support for this crazy busing nonsense,” said Robert O. Dorse, a Seattle businessman and president of CiVIC. “This only means that Seattleites are law-abiding and have faith in our democratic system” (The Seattle Times, 1978).

The plan was based on a complicated formula that defined segregation in terms of the ratio of white to nonwhite students in the school district. In 1977, 65 percent of the district’s students were white; by 1995, the proportion had dropped to 40 percent (where it remains). This led to a gradual increase in what, officially, constituted segregation. In 1977, a “racially imbalanced” school was one where more than 55 percent of the students were children of color. By 1995, a school could be up to 85 percent nonwhite and still be considered integrated.

“White Flight”

The percentage of whites in the Seattle schools had been decreasing since the 1960s for a variety of reasons, including the end of the post-World War II baby boom, lower birth rates among whites, comparatively higher birth rates among people of color, and increases in immigration, especially from Southeast Asia. Additionally, expansion of highways made suburbs more attractive to middle-class families seeking an escape from high taxes, crime rates, and other problems in the city.

But it was also clear that some white parents were taking their children out of public schools in Seattle simply because they did not want them bused out of their neighborhoods. In the first year of district-wide busing, the number of white students dropped by nearly 12 percent compared to the previous year, reducing total enrollment by 10 percent. Both the percentage of white students and the overall number of students fell steadily during the years of mandatory busing.

In an effort to reduce so-called “white flight,” the district added more and more “options” intended to appeal to middle-class parents, from “alternative” classrooms to programs for gifted students. The number of schools offering such options increased from 27 in 1977 to 57 in 1982. The increase added to the costs of busing (the district spent more than $3 a day per student to bus options students, who came from all over town, compared to $1.89 for mandatorily assigned students, who came from the same neighborhood). It also had the effect of diluting the desegregation program. Most of the students in options programs were white. As a result, segregated classrooms persisted even in technically integrated schools.

“You’d see the top tier of classes and the bottom tier,” says Donald Felder, principal of the Interagency Academy, a program for at-risk students in the Seattle school district. “In the name of trying to get integrated schools, white families were offered the best of the best if they’d bring their kids to school with children of color. Very few children of color prospered in that position. Many white children took advantage of what was offered and thrived” (Felder interview).

In theory, the Seattle Plan was a “deck shuffle,” applying uniformly to all students. In practice, it amounted largely to shuffling nonwhite students from the South End to the North End. The parents of white children were far more likely to manipulate the system and avoid an undesirable school assignment, or abandon the system altogether for the suburbs or for private schools. A five-year review of the Seattle Plan showed that only about half the students in mandatory assignments were showing up; the rest were either moving into options programs or moving out of the public schools. As retired University of Washington geographer Richard Morrill, author of a 1989 study commissioned by the school district, puts it, “There were way too many escape routes” (Morrill interview).

“Controlled Choice”

The initial opposition to race-based busing came primarily from white parents living in racially homogeneous neighborhoods. By the late 1980s, the voices of dissent were coming from all sides, including some of the same white liberals and African Americans who had originally endorsed busing. Critics complained that the Seattle Plan unfairly burdened children of color; contributed to a widening achievement gap between white and minority students; undermined public confidence in the schools, particularly among middle-class parents; left some schools under-enrolled while others were over-enrolled, and was too costly and complex. In 1988, the School Board responded to the escalating criticism by replacing the Seattle Plan with a “controlled-choice” system. The new plan allowed parents to select schools for their children from within a prescribed cluster of schools — as long as their choice maintained racial balance.

Still, the controversy continued, becoming a key issue in the mayoral race in Seattle the following year. The front-running candidate, City Attorney Doug Jewett, strongly supported a local initiative to give the school district 6 percent of all city revenue in return for an end to mandatory busing, with the money to be used to improve neighborhood schools. City Councilman Norm Rice, an African American, entered the race as a defender of busing. Voters delivered a mixed message on busing, electing Rice but also approving the anti-busing initiative. (The School Board later turned down the extra money, meaning the initiative had no effect.)

By the early 1990s, some of the most vocal critics of mandatory busing were African Americans, including the charismatic John H. Stanford (1938-1998), superintendent of Seattle schools from 1995 to 1998. In a key presentation to the School Board in November 1995, Stanford said the data showed that low-income students who attended schools outside their neighborhoods scored lower on achievement tests than low-income students in neighborhood schools. Furthermore, parental involvement in the schools was lowest among bused students, who often needed it the most.

Stanford also noted that about one-fourth of Seattle’s school-aged children were enrolled in private schools, a far higher percentage than in comparable cities without mandatory busing. In some white, middle-class neighborhoods in Seattle, only about half the children were choosing public over private schools, compared to 90 percent of those in racially mixed, poorer neighborhoods. Stanford urged the board to put more emphasis on the quality of the education in the classroom and less on the color of the skin on the students. “I don’t have to sit next to someone of another color to learn,” he said, in an oft-quoted remark (Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 1999).

End of the Ride

The end of mandatory busing came as quietly and peacefully as its beginning. Between 1997 and 1999, the School Board essentially threw out zoning lines, allowing any of the district’s students to attend any school they wanted — so long as they could get into it. A system of “tiebreakers,” one of which is race, was adopted to determine admission to schools with more applicants than space.

Although it involves far fewer students (applying to only about 300 students in 2001), the racial tiebreaker has proven to be almost as controversial as mandatory busing. A lawsuit filed in 2000 by a group called Parents Involved in Community Schools claims race-based school assignments violate Initiative 200, a 1998 voter-approved measure that bans racial preferences in public education, employment, and contracting. In April 2002, a federal appeals court judge agreed, and said the old Seattle Plan would be a more acceptable way of promoting integration than the tiebreaker. However, his opinion was set aside two months later. The legal jousting continues, as of September 2002, with the matter now before the State Supreme Court.

Donald Felder was among those who reacted to the judge’s comment with incredulity. “Busing perpetuated segregation and inequity even though technically the schools were integrated,” he says. “It was just a complete failure.” Felder has worked as a teacher or administrator for the Seattle School District since 1972. He himself was bused, on a voluntary basis, when he transferred from Garfield High School to Cleveland in 1968. His three children were bused as part of the Seattle Plan in the late 1970s and 1980s. Asked to speak about the benefits of busing, he has this to say, tongue in cheek: “Children got into the routine of getting up early in the morning. They got to see Seattle’s traffic problems first hand. They got to have fun on the bus ride. Some very close friendships were developed. That’s where I learned to become a comedian, on that bus ride to Cleveland” (Felder interview).

Sources: Ann LaGrelius Siqueland, Without a Court Order: The Desegregation of Seattle’s Schools (Seattle: Madrona Publishers, 1981); Laura Kohn, Priority Shift: The Fate of Mandatory Busing for School Desegregation in Seattle and the Nation (Seattle: Institute for Public Policy and Management, Program on Re-inventing Public Education, University of Washington, 1996), available online at (www.crpe.org/publications/downloads/priorityshift_Kohn.pdf); Richard L Morrill, “School Busing and Demographic Change,” Urban Geography, July-August 1989; Matthew Richer, “Busing’s Boston Massacre,” Policy Review, November/December 1998, available online at (http://www.policyreview.org/nov98/busing.html); Constantine Angelos, “Board Adopts ‘Last Chance’ School-desegregation Plan,” The Seattle Times, December 15, 1977, p. A-1; Constantine Angelos, “Segregation in Seattle 5 Years Later,” Ibid., September 11, 1983, p. A-1; Peter Lewis, “For Busing, It’s Wait-and-See Time,” Ibid., September 4, 1978, p. B-1; Constantine Angelos, “Desegregation Gets Rolling,” Ibid., September 30, 1978, p. A-1; Karen West, “A Few Hitches But Buses Get Task Done,” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, September 30, 1978, p. A-1; Kathy George, “Big Burden Of Busing Falls On Minorities, Stanford Points Out,” Ibid., November 2, 1995, p. B-1; Ruth Teichroeb, “End to Forced Busing Creates New Problems for Seattle’s Schools,” Ibid., June 3, 1999, (http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/race03.shtml); Keith Ervin, “Seattle School Assignments Using Race Are Ruled Illegal,” The Seattle Times, April 17, 2002, (http://seattletimes.nwsource.com); Keith Erwin, “School Board to Weigh Other Options to Reach Racial Diversity,” Ibid., April 21, 2002; Seattle Times Staff, “Timeline of Seattle School District’s Efforts,” April 17, 2002, Ibid.; Cassandra Tate interview with Richard Morrill, Seattle, July 27, 2002; Cassandra Tate interview with Donald Felder, Seattle, July 28, 2002.

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By Freedom Juice

The HHH controversy is out of control. I’m posting this for the benefit of the readers of this site, to help clarify things.

The precise comments being debated now among libertarians appeared in his 2001 book “Democracy: The God That Failed,” and he subsequently defended the comments in his article “My Battle With The Thought Police”:

“In my book Democracy, The God That Failed I not only defend the right to discrimination as implied in the right to private property, but I also emphasize the necessity of discrimination in maintaining a free society and explain its importance as a civilizing factor. In particular, the book also contains a few sentences about the importance, under clearly stated circumstances, of discriminating against communists, democrats, and habitual advocates of alternative, non-family centered lifestyles, including homosexuals.

For instance, on p. 218, I wrote ‘in a covenant concluded among proprietors and community tenants for the purpose of protecting their private property, … no one is permitted to advocate ideas contrary to the very purpose of the covenant … such as democracy and communism.’ ‘Likewise, in a covenant founded for the purpose of protecting family and kin, there can be no tolerance toward those habitually promoting lifestyles incompatible with this goal. … [violators] will have to be physically removed from society.’

In its proper context these statements are hardly more offensive than saying that the Catholic Church should excommunicate those violating its fundamental precepts or that a nudist colony should expel those insisting on wearing bathing suits. However, if you take the statements out of context and omit the condition: in a covenant… then they appear to advocate a violation of rights.

My praise of discrimination was part of a frontal attack against what is sometimes called left-libertarianism–against the politics that equates liberty with libertinism, multiculturalism, and so-called civil rights as opposed to existence and enforcement of private-property rights. In retaliation, to discredit me as a ‘fascist,’ a ‘racist,’ a ‘bigot,’ etc., the left-libertarian smear-bund has routinely distorted my views by quoting the above passages out of context.”

Stephan Kinsella also discusses this:

Hoppe on Covenant Communities and Advocates of Alternative Lifestyles

Cliff’s notes from the Kinsella piece:

Also from Democracy:

“To avoid any misunderstanding, it might be useful to point out that the predicted rise in discrimination in a purely libertarian world does not imply that the form and extent of discrimination will be the same or similar everywhere. To the contrary, a libertarian world could and likely would be one with a great variety of locally separated communities engaging distinctly different and far-reaching discrimination.”

And, he quotes Rothbard:

“With every locale and neighborhood owned by private firms, corporations, or contractual communities, true diversity would reign, in accordance with the preferences of each community. Some neighborhoods would be ethnically or economically diverse, while others would be ethnically or economically homogeneous. Some localities would permit pornography or prostitution or drugs or abortion, others would prohibit any or all of them. The prohibitions would not be state imposed, but would simply be requirements for residence or use of some person’s or community’s land area.”

For the history you didn’t learn in school, check out Liberty Classroom:

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Ladies and gentlemen. It’s here! HHH’s speech at the PFS recently in Turkey.

Hans Hermann Hoppe; the greatest libertarian thinker of our time delivers a greatly anticipated and striking speech on the Alt Right, Libertarianism, and society’s issues as a whole and offering a strategic social solution, also while identifying many issues even amongst libertarians themselves.

We’ve posted a few articles on the site recently to help clarify some of the confusion on his thought.  Well, let’s just say Hoppe is perfectly capable of defending himself, so to speak.

The page listing those articles can be found here:

So To Speak – The Misunderstood and Misrepresented Thought of Hans-Hermann Hoppe

[UPDATE]

Apparently this speech was too hot for YouTube and got taken down.

The video player above will allow you to download the video file if you wish.

For the history you didn’t learn in school, check out Liberty Classroom:

TRANSCRIPT AVAILABLE BELOW THE FOLD

The post Hans-Hermann Hoppe, Libertarianism and the “Alt-Right” (PFS 2017) – Video appeared first on Actual Anarchy.

Spread the Republic love.

Share Republic and your friends will get $20 off their first bill when they activate a new phone line using your link.

http://republicwireless.com/invite/BOZUNFOJ

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]]> 4402 https://www.actualanarchy.com/2017/08/06/ozark-a-good-old-fashioned-run-on-this-bank-rothbard-style/ Mon, 07 Aug 2017 04:35:09 +0000 https://www.actualanarchy.com/?p=4156 For those who loved shows such as Breaking Bad, Narcos, El Chapo, etc., the new Netflix show Ozark will fill that hole left by these other impeccable works of art. In this scene, Martin Byrde (played by Jason Bateman) goes to his bank in  an attempt to withdrawal nearly eight million dollars as he is being …

Continue reading "Ozark – “A Good Old Fashioned Run On This Bank” (Rothbard Style)"

The post Ozark – “A Good Old Fashioned Run On This Bank” (Rothbard Style) appeared first on Actual Anarchy.

]]> For those who loved shows such as Breaking Bad, Narcos, El Chapo, etc., the new Netflix show Ozark will fill that hole left by these other impeccable works of art.

In this scene, Martin Byrde (played by Jason Bateman) goes to his bank in  an attempt to withdrawal nearly eight million dollars as he is being threatened by the cartel and has to relocate to the Ozarks in Missouri.

As if it were staged and scripted by Murray himself, Martin reminds the bank officials that if word got out that they wont  give him his money, it could start a bank run. This type of talk could have gotten you put in jail during the Depression Era. Fractional reserve banking, in its naturally bankrupt state, tends to always be a “floparoo”.

The post Ozark – “A Good Old Fashioned Run On This Bank” (Rothbard Style) appeared first on Actual Anarchy.

]]> 4156 https://www.actualanarchy.com/2017/06/25/on-this-date-june-24th/ Sun, 25 Jun 2017 13:30:14 +0000 https://www.actualanarchy.com/?p=3633 June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 189 days remaining until the end of the year. Amazon Gold Box – Deals of the Day – Today’s Deals EVENTS 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce. 841 …

Continue reading "On This Date, June 25th"

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]]> June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 189 days remaining until the end of the year.

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Amazon Gold Box – Deals of the Day – Today’s Deals

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EVENTS

524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of Italy and Pepin II of Aquitaine.
1530 – At the Diet of Augsburg the Augsburg Confession is presented to the Holy Roman Emperor by the Lutheran princes and Electors of Germany.
1658 – Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Rio Nuevo during the Anglo-Spanish War.
1678 – Venetian Elena Cornaro Piscopia is the first woman awarded a doctorate of philosophy when she graduates from the University of Padua.
1741 – Maria Theresa of Austria is crowned Queen of Hungary.
1786 – Gavriil Pribylov discovers St. George Island of the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea.
1788 – Virginia becomes the tenth state to ratify the United States Constitution.
1876 – Battle of the Little Bighorn and the death of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer.
1900 – The Taoist monk Wang Yuanlu discovers the Dunhuang manuscripts, a cache of ancient texts that are of great historical and religious significance, in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang, China.
1906 – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania millionaire Harry Thaw shoots and kills prominent architect Stanford White.
1910 – The United States Congress passes the Mann Act, which prohibits interstate transport of females for “immoral purposes”; the ambiguous language would be used to selectively prosecute people for years to come.
1910 – Igor Stravinsky’s ballet The Firebird is premiered in Paris, bringing him to prominence as a composer.
1913 – American Civil War veterans begin arriving at the Great Reunion of 1913.
1923 – Capt. Lowell H. Smith and Lt. John P. Richter perform the first ever aerial refueling in a DH.4B biplane
1935 – Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Colombia are established.
1938 – Dr. Douglas Hyde is inaugurated as the first President of Ireland.
1940 – World War II: France officially surrenders to Germany at 01:35.
1943 – The Holocaust: Jews in the Częstochowa Ghetto in Poland stage an uprising against the Nazis.
1944 – World War II: The Battle of Tali-Ihantala, the largest battle ever fought in the Nordic countries, begins.
1944 – World War II: United States Navy and British Royal Navy ships bombard Cherbourg to support United States Army units engaged in the Battle of Cherbourg.
1944 – The final page of the comic Krazy Kat is published, exactly two months after its author George Herriman died.
1947 – The Diary of a Young Girl (better known as The Diary of Anne Frank) is published.
1948 – The Berlin airlift begins.
1950 – The Korean War begins with the invasion of South Korea by North Korea.
1960 – Two cryptographers working for the United States National Security Agency left for vacation to Mexico, and from there defected to the Soviet Union.
1975 – Mozambique achieves independence.
1975 – Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares a state of internal emergency in India.
1976 – Missouri Governor Kit Bond issues an executive order rescinding the Extermination Order, formally apologizing on behalf of the state of Missouri for the suffering it had caused to members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
1978 – The rainbow flag representing gay pride is flown for the first time during the San Francisco Gay Freedom Day Parade.
1981 – Microsoft is restructured to become an incorporated business in its home state of Washington.
1984 – American singer Prince releases his most successful studio album Purple Rain.
1991 – Croatia and Slovenia declare their independence by referendum from Yugoslavia.
1993 – Kim Campbell is sworn in as the first female Prime Minister of Canada.
1996 – The Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia kills 19 U.S. servicemen.
1997 – An unmanned Progress spacecraft collides with the Russian space station Mir.
1998 – In Clinton v. City of New York, the United States Supreme Court decides that the Line Item Veto Act of 1996 is unconstitutional.

BIRTHS

1242 – Beatrice of England (d. 1275)
1328 – William de Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, English commander (d. 1397)
1373 – Joanna II of Naples (d. 1435)
1441 – Federico I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua (d. 1484)
1484 – Bartholomeus V. Welser, German banker (d. 1561)
1526 – Elisabeth Parr, Marchioness of Northampton (d. 1565)
1560 – Wilhelm Fabry, German surgeon (d. 1634)
1568 – Gunilla Bielke, Queen of Sweden (d. 1597)
1612 – John Albert Vasa, Polish cardinal (d. 1634)
1709 – Francesco Araja, Italian composer (d. 1762)
1715 – Joseph Foullon de Doué, French soldier and politician, Controller-General of Finances (d. 1789)
1755 – Natalia Alexeievna of Russia (d. 1776)
1799 – David Douglas, Scottish-English botanist and explorer (d. 1834)
1814 – Gabriel Auguste Daubrée, French geologist and engineer (d. 1896)
1825 – James Farnell, Australian politician, 8th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1888)
1852 – Antoni Gaudí, Spanish architect, designed the Park Güell (d. 1926)
1858 – Georges Courteline, French author and playwright (d. 1929)
1860 – Gustave Charpentier, French composer and conductor (d. 1956)
1863 – Émile Francqui, Belgian soldier and diplomat (d. 1935)
1864 – Walther Nernst, German chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1941)
1874 – Rose O’Neill, American cartoonist, illustrator, artist, and writer (d. 1944)
1884 – Géza Gyóni, Hungarian soldier and poet (d. 1917)
1884 – Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, German-French art collector and historian (d. 1979)
1886 – Henry H. Arnold, American general (d. 1950)
1887 – George Abbott, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1995)
1887 – Frigyes Karinthy, Hungarian author, poet, and journalist (d. 1938)
1892 – Shirō Ishii, Japanese microbiologist and general (d. 1959)
1894 – Hermann Oberth, Romanian-German physicist and engineer (d. 1989)
1898 – Kay Sage, American painter and poet (d. 1963)
1900 – Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, English admiral and politician, 44th Governor-General of India (d. 1979)
1901 – Harold Roe Bartle, American businessman and politician, 47th Mayor of Kansas City (d. 1974)
1902 – Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu of Japan (d. 1953)
1903 – George Orwell, British novelist, essayist, and critic (d. 1950)
1903 – Anne Revere, American actress (d. 1990)
1905 – Rupert Wildt, German-American astronomer and academic (d. 1976)
1907 – J. Hans D. Jensen, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
1908 – Willard Van Orman Quine, American philosopher and academic (d. 2000)
1911 – William Howard Stein, American chemist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
1912 – William T. Cahill, American lawyer and politician, 46th Governor of New Jersey (d. 1996)
1913 – Cyril Fletcher, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2005)
1915 – Kashmir Singh Katoch, Indian military advisor
1915 – Whipper Billy Watson, Canadian-American wrestler and trainer (d. 1990)
1917 – Nils Karlsson, Swedish skier (d. 2012)
1918 – P. H. Newby, English soldier and author (d. 1997)
1921 – Celia Franca, English-Canadian ballerina and choreographer, founded the National Ballet of Canada (d. 2007)
1922 – Johnny Smith, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2013)
1923 – Sam Francis, American soldier and painter (d. 1994)
1923 – Dorothy Gilman, American author (d. 2012)
1924 – Sidney Lumet, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2011)
1924 – Madan Mohan, Iraqi-Indian composer and director (d. 1975)
1924 – William J. Castagna, American lawyer and judge
1925 – Clifton Chenier, American singer-songwriter and accordion player (d. 1987)
1925 – June Lockhart, American actress
1925 – Robert Venturi, American architect and academic
1926 – Margaret Anstee, English diplomat (d. 2016)
1926 – Ingeborg Bachmann, Austrian author and poet (d. 1973)
1926 – Kep Enderby, Australian lawyer, judge, and politician, 23rd Attorney-General for Australia (d. 2015)
1926 – Virginia Patton, American actress
1926 – Stig Sollander, Swedish Alpine skier
1927 – Antal Róka, Hungarian runner (d. 1970)
1927 – Chuck Smith, American pastor, founded the Calvary Chapel (d. 2013)
1927 – Arnold Wolfendale, English astronomer and academic
1928 – Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov, Russian-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2017)
1928 – Michel Brault, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
1928 – Peyo, Belgian author and illustrator, created The Smurfs (d. 1992)
1928 – Bill Russo, American pianist and composer (d. 2003)
1928 – Alex Toth, American animator and screenwriter (d. 2006)
1929 – Eric Carle, American author and illustrator
1929 – Francesco Marchisano, Italian cardinal (d. 2014)
1931 – V. P. Singh, Indian lawyer and politician, 7th Prime Minister of India (d. 2008)
1932 – Peter Blake, English painter and illustrator
1932 – Tim Parnell, English racing driver (d. 2017)
1932 – George Sluizer, French-Dutch director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
1933 – Álvaro Siza Vieira, Portuguese architect, designed the Porto School of Architecture
1934 – Jean Geissinger, American baseball player (d. 2014)
1934 – Jack W. Hayford, American minister and author
1934 – Beatriz Sheridan, Mexican actress and director (d. 2006)
1935 – Ray Butt, English television producer and director (d. 2013)
1935 – Larry Kramer, American author, playwright, and activist, co-founded Gay Men’s Health Crisis
1935 – Tony Lanfranchi, English race car driver (d. 2004)
1935 – Charles Sheffield, English-American mathematician, physicist, and author (d. 2002)
1936 – B. J. Habibie, Indonesian engineer and politician, 3rd President of Indonesia
1936 – Bert Hölldobler, German biologist and entomologist
1937 – Eddie Floyd, American R&B/soul singer-songwriter
1937 – Derek Foster, Baron Foster of Bishop Auckland, English politician
1937 – Doreen Wells, English ballerina and actress
1939 – Allen Fox, American tennis player and coach
1940 – Judy Amoore, Australian runner
1940 – Mary Beth Peil, American actress and singer
1940 – A. J. Quinnell, English-Maltese author (d. 2005)
1940 – Clint Warwick, English bass player (d. 2004)
1941 – Denys Arcand, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
1941 – John Albert Raven, Scottish academic and ecologist
1942 – Nikiforos Diamandouros, Greek academic and politician
1942 – Willis Reed, American basketball player, coach, and manager
1942 – Michel Tremblay, Canadian author and playwright
1944 – Robert Charlebois, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
1944 – Gary David Goldberg, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2013)
1945 – Carly Simon, American singer-songwriter
1945 – Harry Womack, American singer (d. 1974)
1946 – Roméo Dallaire, Dutch-Canadian general and politician
1946 – Allen Lanier, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2013)
1946 – Ian McDonald, English guitarist and saxophonist
1947 – John Hilton, English table tennis player
1947 – John Powell, American discus thrower
1947 – Jimmie Walker, American actor
1949 – Richard Clarke, Irish archbishop
1949 – Patrick Tambay, French race car driver
1949 – Yoon Joo-sang, South Korean actor
1950 – Michel Côté, Canadian actor and screenwriter
1950 – Marcello Toninelli, Italian author and screenwriter
1951 – Eva Bayer-Fluckiger, Swiss mathematician and academic
1952 – Péter Erdő, Hungarian cardinal
1952 – Tim Finn, New Zealand singer-songwriter
1952 – Martin Gerschwitz, German singer-songwriter and keyboard player
1952 – Alan Green, Northern Irish sportscaster
1952 – Kristina Abelli Elander, Swedish artist
1953 – Olivier Ameisen, French-American cardiologist and educator (d. 2013)
1953 – Ian Davis, Australian cricketer
1954 – Mario Lessard, Canadian ice hockey player
1954 – David Paich, American singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer
1954 – Daryush Shokof, Iranian director, producer, and screenwriter
1954 – Sonia Sotomayor, American lawyer and judge
1955 – Vic Marks, English cricketer and sportscaster
1956 – Anthony Bourdain, American chef and author
1956 – Frank Paschek, German long jumper
1956 – Boris Trajkovski, Macedonian politician, 2nd President of the Republic of Macedonia (d. 2004)
1956 – Craig Young, Australian rugby player and coach
1957 – Greg Millen, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
1959 – Lutz Dombrowski, German long jumper and educator
1959 – Jari Puikkonen, Finnish ski jumper
1959 – Bobbie Vaile, Australian astrophysicist and astronomer (d. 1996)
1960 – Alastair Bruce of Crionaich, English-Scottish journalist and author
1960 – Brian Hayward, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
1960 – Craig Johnston, South African-Australian footballer and photographer
1960 – Laurent Rodriguez, French rugby player
1961 – Timur Bekmambetov, Kazakh director, producer, and screenwriter
1961 – Ricky Gervais, English comedian, actor, director, producer and singer
1963 – Doug Gilmour, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
1963 – George Michael, English singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2016)
1963 – Mike Stanley, American baseball player
1964 – Dell Curry, American basketball player and coach
1964 – Phil Emery, Australian cricketer
1964 – Johnny Herbert, English race car driver and sportscaster
1964 – John McCrea, American singer-songwriter and musician (Cake)
1964 – Greg Raymer, American poker player and lawyer
1966 – Dikembe Mutombo, Congolese-American basketball player
1968 – Adrian Garvey, Zimbabwean-South African rugby player
1968 – Vaios Karagiannis, Greek footballer and manager
1969 – Hunter Foster, American actor and singer
1969 – Zim Zum, American guitarist and songwriter
1970 – Ariel Gore, American journalist and author
1970 – Roope Latvala, Finnish guitarist
1970 – Erki Nool, Estonian decathlete and politician
1970 – Aaron Sele, American baseball player and scout
1971 – Karen Darke, English cyclist and author
1971 – Jason Gallian, Australian-English cricketer and educator
1971 – Rod Kafer, Australian rugby player and sportscaster
1971 – Angela Kinsey, American actress
1971 – Neil Lennon, Northern Irish-Scottish footballer and manager
1971 – Sébastien Levicq, French decathlete
1971 – Jason Lewis, American model and actor
1971 – Michael Tucker, American baseball player
1972 – Carlos Delgado, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach
1972 – Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, Libyan engineer and politician
1973 – René Corbet, Canadian ice hockey player
1973 – Milan Hnilička, Czech ice hockey player
1973 – Jamie Redknapp, English footballer and coach
1974 – Nisha Ganatra, Canadian director, prouder, and screenwriter
1974 – Glen Metropolit, Canadian ice hockey player
1975 – Kiur Aarma, Estonian journalist and producer
1975 – Linda Cardellini, American actress
1975 – Albert Costa, Spanish tennis player and coach
1975 – Vladimir Kramnik, Russian chess player
1975 – Michele Merkin, American model and television host
1976 – José Cancela, Uruguayan footballer
1976 – Iestyn Harris, Welsh rugby player and coach
1976 – Carlos Nieto, Argentinian-Italian rugby player
1977 – Layla El, English wrestler, model, and dancer
1977 – Lola Ponce, Argentinian-Italian singer-songwriter and actress
1978 – Aramis Ramírez, Dominican-American baseball player
1978 – Luke Scott, American baseball player
1978 – Marcus Stroud, American football player
1979 – Marko Albert, Estonian swimmer and triathlete
1979 – Richard Hughes, Scottish footballer
1981 – Simon Ammann, Swiss ski jumper
1981 – Irina Osipova, Russian basketball player
1981 – Sheridan Smith, English actress, singer, and dancer
1982 – Rain, South Korean singer-songwriter, dancer, and actor
1982 – Mikhail Youzhny, Russian tennis player
1983 – Cristian Baroni, Brazilian footballer
1983 – Todd Cooper, English swimmer
1983 – Marc Janko, Austrian footballer
1984 – Lauren Bush, American model and fashion designer
1985 – Daniel Bard, American baseball player
1985 – Karim Matmour, Algerian footballer
1986 – Charlie Davies, American soccer player
1986 – Aya Matsuura, Japanese singer and actress
1986 – Seda Tokatlıoğlu, Turkish volleyball player
1987 – Brian Canter, American bull rider
1987 – Alissa Czisny, American figure skater
1988 – Osama Ali, Iraqi footballer
1988 – Jhonas Enroth, Swedish ice hockey player
1988 – Miguel Layún, Mexican footballer
1989 – Jack Cork, English footballer
1989 – Edgar Morais, Portuguese actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1989 – Rafael Morais, Portuguese actor, director, and screenwriter
1990 – Andi Eigenmann, Filipino actress
1991 – Kyousuke Hamao, Japanese actor and singer
1991 – Shōta Iizuka, Japanese sprinter
1991 – Liisi Rist, Estonian cyclist
1991 – Anna Zaja, German tennis player
1993 – Barney Clark, English actor
1996 – Pietro Fittipaldi, Brazilian-American racing driver
1996 – Sione Mata’utia, Australian rugby league player
1998 – Kyle Chalmers, Australian swimmer

DEATHS

635 – Emperor Gaozu of Tang (b. 566)
841 – Gerard of Auvergne, Frankish nobleman
841 – Ricwin of Nantes, Frankish nobleman
891 – Sunderolt, archbishop of Mainz
931 – An Chonghui, general of Later Tang
1014 – Æthelstan Ætheling, eldest son of Æthelred the Unready
1134 – Niels, King of Denmark (b. 1064)
1218 – Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, French politician, Lord High Steward (b. 1160)
1291 – Eleanor of Provence (b. 1223)
1337 – Frederick III of Sicily (b. 1272)
1483 – Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, English courtier and translator(b. 1440)
1483 – Richard Grey, half brother of Edward V of England (b. 1458)
1522 – Franchinus Gaffurius, Italian composer and theorist (b. 1451)
1533 – Mary Tudor, Queen of France (b. 1496)
1579 – Hatano Hideharu, Japanese warlord (b. 1541)
1593 – Michele Mercati, Italian physician and archaeologist (b. 1541)
1634 – John Marston, English poet and playwright (b. 1576)
1638 – Juan Pérez de Montalbán, Spanish author, poet, and playwright (b. 1602)
1665 – Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria (b. 1630)
1669 – François de Vendôme, Duke of Beaufort (b. 1616)
1671 – Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Italian priest and astronomer (b. 1598)
1673 – Charles de Batz-Castelmore d’Artagnan, French captain (b. 1611)
1686 – Simon Ushakov, Russian painter and educator (b. 1626)
1715 – Jean-Baptiste du Casse, French admiral and politician (b. 1646)
1767 – Georg Philipp Telemann, German composer and theorist (b. 1681)
1798 – Thomas Sandby, English cartographer, painter, and architect (b. 1721)
1822 – E. T. A. Hoffmann, German composer, critic, and jurist (b. 1776)
1838 – François-Nicolas-Benoît Haxo, French general and engineer (b. 1774)
1861 – Abdülmecid I, Ottoman sultan (b. 1823)
1866 – Alexander von Nordmann, Finnish biologist and paleontologist (b. 1803)
1868 – Carlo Matteucci, Italian physicist and neurophysiologist (b. 1811)
1870 – David Heaton, American lawyer and politician (b. 1823)
1875 – Antoine-Louis Barye, French sculptor (b. 1796)
1876 – James Calhoun, American lieutenant (b. 1845)
1876 – Boston Custer, American civilian army contractor (b. 1848)
1876 – George Armstrong Custer, American general (b. 1839)
1876 – Thomas Custer, American officer, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1845)
1876 – Myles Keogh, Irish-American officer (b. 1840)
1882 – François Jouffroy, French sculptor (b. 1806)
1884 – Hans Rott, Austrian organist and composer (b. 1858)
1886 – Jean-Louis Beaudry, Canadian businessman and politician, 11th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1809)
1894 – Marie François Sadi Carnot, French engineer and politician, 5th President of France (b. 1837)
1906 – Stanford White, American architect, designed the Washington Square Arch (b. 1853)
1916 – Thomas Eakins, American painter, photographer, and sculptor (b. 1844)
1917 – Géza Gyóni, Hungarian soldier and poet (b. 1884)
1918 – Jake Beckley, American baseball player and coach (b. 1867)
1922 – Satyendranath Dutta, Indian poet and author (b. 1882)
1932 – Howard Valentine, American runner (b. 1881)
1937 – Colin Clive, British actor (b. 1900)
1939 – Richard Seaman, English race car driver (b. 1913)
1944 – Dénes Berinkey, Hungarian jurist and politician, 18th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1871)
1944 – Lucha Reyes, Mexican singer and actress (b. 1906)
1947 – Jimmy Doyle, American boxer (b. 1924)
1948 – William C. Lee, American general (b. 1895)
1949 – Buck Freeman, American baseball player (b. 1871)
1949 – James Steen, American water polo player (b. 1876)
1950 – Maurice O’Sullivan, Irish police officer and author (b. 1904)
1958 – Alfred Noyes, English author, poet, and playwright (b. 1880)
1960 – Tommy Corcoran, American baseball player and manager (b. 1869)
1968 – Tony Hancock, English comedian and actor (b. 1924)
1971 – John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr, Scottish physician, biologist, and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1880)
1972 – Jan Matulka, Czech-American painter and illustrator (b. 1890)
1974 – Cornelius Lanczos, Hungarian mathematician and physicist (b. 1893)
1976 – Johnny Mercer, American singer-songwriter, co-founded Capitol Records (b. 1909)
1977 – Olave Baden-Powell, British Girl Guiding and Girl Scouting leader (b. 1889)
1977 – Endre Szervánszky, Hungarian pianist and composer (b. 1911)
1979 – Dave Fleischer, American animator, director, and producer (b. 1894)
1979 – Philippe Halsman, Latvian-American photographer (b. 1906)
1981 – Felipe Cossío del Pomar, Peruvian painter and political activist (b. 1888)
1983 – Alberto Ginastera, Argentinian pianist and composer (b. 1916)
1984 – Michel Foucault, French historian and philosopher (b. 1926)
1987 – Boudleaux Bryant, American songwriter (b. 1920)
1988 – Hillel Slovak, Israeli-American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1962)
1990 – Ronald Gene Simmons, American sergeant and murderer (b. 1940)
1992 – Jerome Brown, American football player (b. 1965)
1995 – Ernest Walton, Irish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)
1996 – Arthur Snelling, English civil servant and diplomat, British Ambassador to South Africa (b. 1914)
1997 – Jacques Cousteau, French oceanographer and explorer (b. 1910)
1999 – Tommy Ivan, Canadian-American football player, coach, and manager (b. 1911)
2002 – Jean Corbeil, Canadian politician, 29th Canadian Minister of Labour (b. 1934)
2003 – Lester Maddox, American businessman and politician, 75th Governor of Georgia (b. 1915)
2004 – Morton W. Coutts, New Zealand inventor (b. 1904)
2005 – John Fiedler, American actor and voice artist (b. 1925)
2005 – Kâzım Koyuncu, Turkish singer-songwriter and activist (b. 1971)
2006 – Jaap Penraat, Dutch-American humanitarian (b. 1918)
2007 – J. Fred Duckett, American journalist and educator (b. 1933)
2007 – Jeeva, Indian director, cinematographer, and screenwriter (b. 1963)
2008 – Lyall Watson, South African anthropologist and ethologist (b. 1939)
2009 – Farrah Fawcett, American actress and producer (b. 1947)
2009 – Michael Jackson, American singer-songwriter, producer, dancer, and actor (b. 1958)
2009 – Sky Saxon, American singer-songwriter (b. 1937)
2010 – Alan Plater, English playwright and screenwriter (b. 1935)
2010 – Richard B. Sellars, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1915)
2011 – Annie Easley, American computer scientist and mathematician (b. 1933)
2011 – Goff Richards, English composer and conductor (b. 1944)
2011 – Margaret Tyzack, English actress (b. 1931)
2012 – Shigemitsu Dandō, Japanese academic and jurist (b. 1913)
2012 – Campbell Gillies, Scottish jockey (b. 1990)
2012 – George Randolph Hearst, Jr., American businessman (b. 1927)
2012 – Lucella MacLean, American baseball player (b. 1921)
2012 – Edgar Ross, American boxer (b. 1949)
2013 – George Burditt, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1923)
2013 – Catherine Gibson, Scottish swimmer (b. 1931)
2013 – Robert E. Gilka, American photographer and journalist (b. 1916)
2013 – Harry Parker, American rower and coach (b. 1935)
2013 – Mildred Ladner Thompson, American journalist (b. 1918)
2013 – Green Wix Unthank, American soldier and judge (b. 1923)
2014 – Nigel Calder, English journalist, author, and screenwriter (b. 1931)
2014 – Ana María Matute, Spanish author and academic (b. 1925)
2014 – Paul Patterson, American neuroscientist and academic (b. 1943)
2014 – Ivan Plyushch, Ukrainian agronomist and politician (b. 1941)
2015 – Patrick Macnee, English actor (b. 1922)
2015 – Alejandro Romay, Argentinian businessman (b. 1927)
2015 – Nerses Bedros XIX Tarmouni, Egyptian-Armenian patriarch (b. 1940)

HOLIDAYS AND OBSERVANCES

Arbor Day (Philippines)
Christian feast day:
David of Munktorp
Eurosia
Maximus (Massimo) of Turin
Philipp Melanchthon (Lutheran)
Presentation of the Augsburg Confession (Lutheran)
Prosper of Aquitaine
Prosper of Reggio
William of Montevergine
June 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Mozambique from Portugal in 1975.
National Catfish Day (United States)
Statehood Day (Croatia)
Statehood Day (Slovenia)
Statehood Day (Virginia)
Teacher’s Day (Guatemala)
World Vitiligo Day

Source:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_25

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